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Mathilde Carmen Hertz
Mathilde Carmen Hertz (1891–1975) was a biologist, and was one of the first influential female scientists in the field of biology and a pioneer in the field of comparative psychology. Working in Germany, her career started to unravel in 1933 due to her Jewish ancestry.〔Kressley RA, Jaeger S. 2003. Rediscovering a missing link: The sensory physiologist and comparative psychologist Mathilde Hertz (1891-1975). ''History of Psychology'' 6(4): 379-396. DOI:10.1037/1093-4510.6.4.379〕 She was the younger daughter of the famous physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz.
==Biography==
Mathilde Hertz was born on January 14, 1891 in Bonn, Germany. Her father Rudolf Hertz died in 1894 when Mathilde Hertz was still very young. Hertz was born into a wealthy and well-educated family. After finishing secondary schooling, she received training in fine arts and worked as sculptor.〔 One of her first jobs involved reconstructing fossilized teeth at the German Museum.〔
Ludwig Doederlein noticed her work and encouraged her to enroll at the University of Munich for doctoral studies in 1921.〔 In 1925 she completed a doctoral degree based on the analysis of primitive mammalian teeth.〔Hertz M. 1925. Beobachtungen an Primitiven Saeugetiergebissen. Zeitschrift fuer Morphologie und Oekologie der Tiere 4: 540-584〕 Once finished with her dissertation, she focused her attention on a different area. Influenced by renowned animal psychologist Wolfgang Koehler,〔 she moved into the area of animal psychology. She moved to the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin, Germany, where she undertook much of her subsequent studies.〔
With the help of Richard Goldschmidt, she overcame gender barriers and started running her own laboratory in Berlin. Here, in 1929, she completed a post-doctoral degree studying the optical fields of honeybees.〔Satzinger H. 2009. ''Differenz und Vererbung''. Cologne, Germany: Boehlau〕 Wolfgang Koehler was one of her post-doctoral committee members.〔 Hertz continued laboratory work and lecturing after her post-doc until her career began to unravel in 1933. Under the newly elected Nazi regime, she was forced to give up teaching due to her Jewish ancestry.〔 Both Max Planck and Wolfgang Koehler spoke out for her and so she was allowed to continue laboratory work for a few years.〔〔MacRakies K. 1993. ''Surviving the Swastika: Scientific Research in Nazi Germany.'' New York, USA: Oxford University Press〕 After turning down an offer from Columbia University〔 to come to the United States, she emigrated to the United Kingdom and continued her research at Cambridge University in 1935.〔 In England, however, she was more known for her famous father and not so much for her own work.〔Jaeger, S. (1996). Vom erklärbaren, doch ungeklärten Abbruch einer Karriere – DieTierpsychologin und Sinnesphysiologin Mathilde Hertz (1891-1975). In Gundlach H. (ed.), Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der Psychologie und der Psychotechnik. Munich, Germany: Profil Verlag. Pp. 229-262〕 After only two years at Cambridge University she stopped publishing and disappeared from the public spotlight. Too proud to accept charity based on her family ties, she died relatively lonely and in poverty in 1975.〔
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